Observational epidemiologic studies of endemic waterborne risks: cohort, case-control, time-series, and ecologic studies
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چکیده
منابع مشابه
Observational epidemiologic studies of endemic waterborne risks: cohort, case-control, time-series, and ecologic studies.
Observational studies have assessed endemic waterborne risks in a number of countries. Time-series analyses associated increased water turbidity with increased gastroenteritis risks in several public water systems. Several cohort studies reported an increased risk of gastroenteritis in populations using certain public or individual water systems. Although several case-control studies found incr...
متن کاملEstimates of endemic waterborne risks from community-intervention studies.
The nature and magnitude of endemic waterborne disease are not well characterized in the United States. Epidemiologic studies of various designs can provide an estimate of the waterborne attributable risk along with other types of information. Community drinking water systems frequently improve their operations and may change drinking water treatment and their major source of water. In the Unit...
متن کاملpostnatal studies of bats (pipistrellus kuhlii and miniopterus schreibersii) & histomorphology and histochemistry studies of organs and diseases of (neurergus microspilotus and n. kaiseri)
1. to determine whether difference in birth body mass influenced growth performance in pipistrellus kuhlii we studied a total of 12 captive-born neonates. bats were assigned to two body mass groups: light birth body mass (lbw: 0.89 ± 0.05, n=8) and heavy birth body mass (hbw: 1.35 ± 0.08, n=4). heavier body mass at birth was associated with rapid postnatal growth (body mass and forearm length) ...
Towards a US national estimate of the risk of endemic waterborne disease--sero-epidemiologic studies.
Worldwide literature on serological methods and sero-surveys on waterborne pathogens has been reviewed. Outbreak investigation and research reports have also been examined to aid understanding of the serological response and transmission dynamics. The aim was to seek an estimate of seroprevalence and to determine if this could inform the US national estimate of risk for endemic waterborne infec...
متن کاملCohort and Case-control Studies
Cohort and case-control methodologies are the main tools for analytical epidemiological research. Other important types of epidemiological studies mainly for generating hypotheses include cross-sectional and ecological, or correlation studies. The conclusions that can be drawn from findings of these types of studies are, however, much weaker compared to those of cohort and case-control studies....
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Journal of Water and Health
سال: 2006
ISSN: 1477-8920,1996-7829
DOI: 10.2166/wh.2006.020